Pa Novembara 15, RCEP, mgwirizano waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wazachuma, idasainidwa mwalamulo patatha zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zakukambirana! Malo ochita malonda aulere okhala ndi anthu ambiri, mamembala osiyanasiyana kwambiri, komanso kuthekera kwakukulu kwachitukuko padziko lapansi kudabadwa. Ichi ndi chochitika chofunikira kwambiri pakuphatikiza chuma chakum'mawa kwa Asia, ndipo chabweretsa chikoka chatsopano pakubwezeretsanso chuma chachigawo ngakhalenso padziko lonse lapansi.

Zoposa 90% zazinthu zimangotsika pang'onopang'ono ziro

Zokambirana za RCEP zimatengera mgwirizano wam'mbuyomu wa "10+3" ndikukulitsanso kuchuluka kwa "10+5". Izi zisanachitike, China idakhazikitsa malo ogulitsa kwaulere ndi mayiko khumi a ASEAN, ndipo zero tariff ya China-ASEAN Free Trade Area yaphimba 90% ya msonkho wamagulu onse awiri.

Malinga ndi China Times, Zhu Yin, pulofesa wothandizira wa dipatimenti ya Public Administration ya Sukulu ya Ubale Wapadziko Lonse, adati, "Zokambirana za RCEP mosakayikira zitengapo mbali pakuchepetsa zopinga za msonkho. M'tsogolomu, 95% kapena kuposerapo kwa zinthu zamisonkho sizidzachotsedwa kuti ziphatikizidwe pamiyeso ya ziro. Malo amsika nawonso Adzakhala aakulu kwambiri, omwe ndi phindu lalikulu kwa makampani ogulitsa akunja. "

Malinga ndi ziwerengero za mu 2018, mayiko 15 omwe ali mamembala a mgwirizanowu adzatenga anthu pafupifupi 2.3 biliyoni padziko lonse lapansi, omwe amawerengera 30% ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi; GDP yonse idzaposa US$25 thililiyoni, ndipo chigawo chomwe chilipo chidzakhala malo aakulu kwambiri padziko lonse amalonda aulere.

M'magawo atatu oyambirira a chaka chino, kuchuluka kwa malonda pakati pa China ndi ASEAN kunafika US $ 481.81 biliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa 5% pachaka. ASEAN idakhala bwenzi lalikulu kwambiri la China pazamalonda, ndipo ndalama zaku China ku ASEAN zidakwera ndi 76.6% pachaka.

Kuonjezera apo, mapeto a mgwirizanowu athandizanso kumanga njira zogulitsira katundu ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali m'deralo. Wang Shouwen, Wachiwiri kwa Minister of Commerce and Deputy Representative of International Trade Negotiations, adanenapo kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo ogwirizana amalonda aulere m'derali kudzathandiza dera laderalo kuti lipange njira zopezera ndalama ndi unyolo wamtengo wapatali potengera ubwino wake wofananira, ndi zidzakhudza kuyenda kwa katundu ndi teknoloji m'deralo. , Kuyenda kwautumiki, kutuluka kwa ndalama, kuphatikizapo kudutsa malire a anthu kudzakhala ndi phindu lalikulu, kupanga "zolengedwa zamalonda" zotsatira.

Tengani chitsanzo cha makampani opanga zovala. Ngati zovala za Vietnam tsopano zatumizidwa ku China, ziyenera kulipira msonkho. Ngati ilowa nawo mgwirizano wamalonda waulere, gawo lamtengo wapatali lachigawo lidzayamba kugwira ntchito. China imagulitsa kunja ubweya wa ubweya kuchokera ku Australia ndi New Zealand. Chifukwa yasaina mapangano a malonda aulere, ikhoza kuitanitsa kunja kwa ubweya wopanda msonkho mtsogolo. Akatha kuitanitsa, adzalukidwa kukhala nsalu ku China. Nsalu iyi ikhoza kutumizidwa ku Vietnam. Vietnam imagwiritsa ntchito nsalu iyi kupanga zovala musanatumize ku South Korea, Japan, China ndi mayiko ena, izi zikhoza kukhala zopanda msonkho, zomwe zidzalimbikitse chitukuko cha mafakitale a nsalu ndi zovala, kuthetsa ntchito, komanso zabwino kwambiri zogulitsa kunja. .

Chifukwa chake, RCEP ikasayinidwa, ngati zopitilira 90% zazinthuzo zimangotsika pang'onopang'ono ziro, zilimbikitsa kwambiri kulimbikitsa chuma cha mamembala opitilira khumi ndi awiri, kuphatikiza China.

Nthawi yomweyo, pankhani yakusintha kwachuma komanso kuchepa kwa zinthu zotumizidwa kunja, RCEP ibweretsa mwayi watsopano wogulitsa nsalu ndi zovala ku China.

Nanga bwanji makampani opanga nsalu?

Malamulo Oyambira Amathandizira Kayendedwe ka Zida Zopangira Zovala

Chaka chino Komiti Yokambirana ya RCEP idzayang'ana pazokambirana ndikukonzekera malamulo oyambira m'magawo a anthu. Mosiyana ndi CPTPP, yomwe ili ndi malamulo okhwima oyambira pazinthu zomwe zimakondwera ndi ziro zamayiko omwe ali mamembala, monga makampani opanga nsalu ndi zovala Kutengera lamulo la Yarn Forward, ndiko kuti, kuyambira ulusi, uyenera kugulidwa kuchokera kumayiko omwe ali mamembala kuti asangalale. zero tariff zokonda. Imodzi mwa mfundo zofunika kwambiri pa zokambirana za RCEP ndikuzindikira kuti mayiko a 16 amagawana chiphaso chofanana cha chiyambi, ndipo Asia idzaphatikizidwa ku chiyambi chomwecho. Palibe kukayika kuti izi zidzapatsa mabizinesi a nsalu ndi zovala m'maiko 16 awa omwe amapereka, Logistics and customs clearance kubweretsa kumasuka kwakukulu.

Idzathetsa zovuta zamakampani opanga nsalu ku Vietnam

Woyang'anira dipatimenti ya Origin of the Import and Export Bureau ku Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Zamalonda, a Zheng Thi Chuxian, adati chiwonetsero chachikulu kwambiri cha RCEP chidzabweretsa phindu kumakampani ogulitsa kunja ku Vietnam ndi malamulo ake oyambira, ndiye kuti, kugwiritsa ntchito zopangira zochokera kumayiko ena omwe ali m'dziko limodzi. Chogulitsacho chikuwonedwabe ngati dziko lochokera.

Mwachitsanzo, zinthu zambiri zopangidwa ndi Vietnam pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zochokera ku China sizingasangalale ndi mitengo yamisonkho ikatumizidwa ku Japan, South Korea, ndi India. Malinga ndi RCEP, zinthu zopangidwa ndi Vietnam pogwiritsa ntchito zida zochokera kumayiko ena omwe ali mamembala zimatengedwa kuti zidachokera ku Vietnam. Misonkho yomwe mumakonda ilipo kuti mutumize kunja. Mu 2018, makampani opanga nsalu ku Vietnam adatumiza madola 36.2 biliyoni aku US, koma zopangira (monga thonje, ulusi, ndi zina) zidafika $23 biliyoni zaku US, zambiri zomwe zidatumizidwa kuchokera ku China, South Korea, ndi India. Ngati RCEP isayinidwa, ithetsa nkhawa zamakampani aku Vietnamese okhudzana ndi zopangira.

Njira zoperekera nsalu zapadziko lonse lapansi zikuyembekezeka kukhala njira yotsogola yamayiko oyandikana ndi China +

Ndikusintha kosalekeza kwa nsalu ndi zovala zaku China zokhudzana ndi R&D, ukadaulo wopanga ndi kupanga zinthu zosaphika ndi zothandizira, maulalo ena otsika kwambiri asamutsidwa ku Southeast Asia. Ngakhale kuti malonda aku China opangira nsalu ndi zovala zomalizidwa ku Southeast Asia adatsika, kutumiza kunja kwa zinthu zosaphika ndi zowonjezera kudzakwera kwambiri. .

Ngakhale makampani opanga nsalu aku Southeast Asia omwe akuimiridwa ndi Vietnam akuchulukirachulukira, makampani opanga nsalu aku China sakutha kusinthidwa.

RCEP yolimbikitsidwa pamodzi ndi China ndi Southeast Asia ndicholinga chokwaniritsa mgwirizano wopambana. Kupyolera mu mgwirizano wa zachuma m'madera, China ndi mayiko akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia akhoza kukwaniritsa chitukuko chimodzi.

M'tsogolomu, pazogulitsa nsalu zapadziko lonse lapansi, njira yayikulu yamayiko oyandikana ndi China + ikuyembekezeka kupanga.